ACI Course 14 — Lojong, Developing the Good Heart · Class 3 · 八边、六个关键、五毒
Eight Extremes, Six Keys, Five Poisons · 八边、六个关键、五毒
本阅读材料为格西麦可·罗奇（Geshe Michael Roach）老师所著《亚洲经典学院第十四门课程》Class 3 教材，以现代白话中文翻译。
阅读材料中，红字代表格西老师英译本中以斜体标示之字句——多数情况指释论时直接引用根本诗的字句；少数情况指书名、人名音译、藏文词汇音译。
§1 · 出处：胜者央贡巴的教诫
Reading Three
阅读三
Herein Contained are the Advices of the Victorious One, Yang Gunpa
本篇收录胜者央贡巴的教诫
The following advices are included in A Compendium of Texts on Developing the Good Heart (Blo-sbyong brgya-rtza), compiled by the great bodhisattva Muchen Konchok Gyeltsen (14th century), pp. 335-337. They were composed by Gyalwa Yang Gunpa (1213-1258), an illustrious master of the Kagyu tradition. The verses are old, and the copy that we have to work with seems to have a number of textual errors, which we have tried to work around but have largely left uncorrected.
下面这些教诫收录在《大乘修心百部》（Blo-sbyong brgya-rtza）里，由伟大的菩萨穆钦·贡却坚赞（十四世纪）编纂，pp. 335–337。它们由嘉瓦·央贡巴（1213–1258）所写，他是噶举传承里一位杰出的大师。这些诗很古老，我们手上这个版本似乎有不少文字上的错误；我们尽量绕过这些错误，但大多没有改动。
The Victorious One, Yang Gunpa, once said:
胜者央贡巴曾经说：
§2 · 第一组：开始的东西都会变；你自己的意识就是佛
Nothing that starts remains unchanged;
Have no attachment, cut the ties.
There's no happiness in this vicious circle;
Get tired of it, find renunciation.
开始了的东西，没有一样保持不变；
不要执着，切断那些牵绊。
这个恶性循环里没有快乐；
对它厌倦吧，找到出离心。
The world is hollow and meaningless;
Do not trust the lie.
Your own mind is the Buddha;
Go and meet your friend.
这个世界空洞而没有意义；
不要相信这个谎言。
你自己的意识就是佛；
去见你的朋友吧。
§3 · 第二组：生命的时刻正在流逝；除了法，没有任何东西有意义
He also said:
他也说过：
The hour of life is passing;
Start down the road to freedom.
Send away the many thoughts of the busy life you lead;
Bring to your side the many thoughts of what will happen later.
生命的时刻正在流逝；
踏上通往解脱的路吧。
把你忙碌生活里的那许多念头送走；
把关于以后会发生什么的那许多念头带到身边。
Everyone would like to stay, but no one has the power;
Try to think of something that will come and help you later.
It's hard to find a life with opportunity and leisure;
Now for once you have, so try to get the most from it.
每个人都想留下来，可是没有人有这个能力；
试着想一想以后会来帮你的东西。
有机会、有闲暇的人生很难找到；
现在你难得有了，就尽量从中得到最多。
It's easy to get used to mistakes;
Post the sentry of your awareness.
The objects of the senses are good at tripping people up;
Learn to hate useless things.
人很容易对错误习以为常；
派出你觉知的哨兵。
感官的对象很会绊倒人；
学会讨厌没用的东西。
Nothing but the Dharma means anything at all;
Throw the rest out like trash.
It all boils down to dying;
Pack light and take off now.
除了法，没有任何东西有意义；
其余的都当垃圾扔掉。
一切归结到死；
轻装出发，现在就走。
§4 · 六个关键
He also said:
他也说过：
Put your death in your heart;
This is the key for checking
Whether your practice is tuned too tight or loose.
把你的死亡放在心里；
这是用来检查的关键：
你的练习是调得太紧还是太松。
Think of the viper's nest of the problems of this life;
This is the key for stopping
Attachment at the bottom of your heart.
想一想这一生的问题，像一窝毒蛇；
这是用来停止
你心底执着的关键。
Let every thought be of what others need;
This is the key for making
Everything you ever do the Dharma.
让每一个念头都想着别人需要什么；
这是让你做的每一件事
都变成法的关键。
Don't think of anything but your Lama;
This is the key for turning
Your mind and Theirs into one.
除了你的上师，什么都不要想；
这是把你的意识和上师的意识
变成一个的关键。
See the world and people as Angels;
This is the key for stopping
The idea that life is ordinary.
把世界和人都看成天使；
这是用来停止
「生活很平常」这个想法的关键。
Whatever comes, make it crystal;
This is the key for making
This life turn to freedom, all by itself.
不论来的是什么，都把它变成水晶；
这是让这一生
自己变成解脱的关键。
This last teaching is known as the "Advices on the Six Keys." The next one is called "The Four Kings."
最后这一个教导，叫做「六个关键的教诫」。接下来的一个，叫做「四王」。
§5 · 四王
The King of Faith is thinking about your death.
The King of Practice is giving up on this world.
The King of Devotion is to see your Lama as the Buddha.
The King of Thoughts is to cut off your dependence
on seeing things as coming from their own side.
信心的王，是思考你的死亡。
练习的王，是放弃这个世界。
虔敬的王，是把你的上师看成佛。
念头的王，是切断你的依赖，
不再把事物看成从它们自己那边来。
§6 · 五毒与它们的解药
He also said:
他也说过：
If you want to have every happiness,
You must use the antidotes that keep you
From liking things ignorantly.
如果你想拥有一切快乐，
就必须用解药（对治），让自己
不再出于误解去喜欢事物。
If you want to free yourself from all pain,
You must use the antidotes that keep you
From disliking things ignorantly.
如果你想脱离一切痛苦，
就必须用解药，让自己
不再出于误解去讨厌事物。
If you want to reach matchless Enlightenment,
You must use the antidotes that keep you
From being ignorant.
如果你想达到无可比拟的证悟，
就必须用解药，让自己
不再处在误解（无明）里。
If you want to stand independent on your own,
You must use the antidotes that keep you
From feeling any pride.
如果你想靠自己独立站稳，
就必须用解药，让自己
不再生起任何骄傲（慢）。
If you want to stop all obstacles,
You must use the antidotes that keep you
From feeling jealousy.
如果你想停止一切障碍，
就必须用解药，让自己
不再生起嫉妒。
There is not a single important point in all of the teachings of the Dharma which is not found in these words. Go then and pray for blessings; go then and think hard about these things.
法的一切教导里，没有一个重点不在这些话里。那么去吧，祈求祝福；去吧，认真思考这些事。
§7 · 哨兵、鞭子、见证人、敌人
He also said,
他也说过：
Post the sentry of thinking about impermanence, and let him guard your faith.
Beat the horse of your spiritual practice with the whip of joyful effort.
派出「思考无常」这个哨兵，让他守护你的信心。
用喜悦的努力（精进）这根鞭子，抽打你精神练习这匹马。
Let your own mind be the witness who testifies whether you've kept your pledges.
If you need an enemy to fight, then stop the five poisons that live inside of you.
让你自己的意识当见证人，作证你有没有守住誓言。
如果你需要一个敌人来打，那就停止住在你里面的五毒。
The "five poisons" are the mental afflictions of liking things ignorantly, disliking things ignorantly, being ignorant, pride, and jealousy; these have appeared in the verses just above.
「五毒」就是这几种烦恼（负面情绪）：出于误解去喜欢事物、出于误解去讨厌事物、处在误解里、骄傲、嫉妒；它们已经出现在上面那几首诗里。
§8 · 五个根本
He also said:
他也说过：
Faith is the very root of all the Dharma of the Gods.
Feeling sick of this life is the very root of all fine people.
Compassion is the very root of working to help others.
Devotion is the very root of receiving every blessing.
Whatever realizations you have are the very root of the Buddhas.
信心，是天神一切法的真正根本。
对这一生感到厌倦，是一切优秀的人的真正根本。
慈悲心，是帮助别人这件事的真正根本。
虔敬，是领受每一个祝福的真正根本。
你拥有的任何证悟，是一切佛的真正根本。
These are known as the "Five Roots."
这些叫做「五个根本」。
§9 · 五变
He also taught something called the "Five Changes":
他还教过一个叫做「五变」的东西：
Change your idea that nothing will change into thoughts of death.
Change your desire for things into the realization that everything is an illusion.
Change your anger into compassion.
Change the way you live now into a life of Dharma.
Change all the ideas you have into worldview.
把你「什么都不会变」的想法，变成对死亡的思考。
把你对事物的欲望（贪），变成「一切都是幻象」的证悟。
把你的愤怒（瞋），变成慈悲心。
把你现在的生活方式，变成法的生活。
把你所有的想法，变成世界观。
§10 · 四个「现在就放下」
And he also said:
他也说过：
The legacy of the past
Is a life you can well regret;
Dregs from your old attachments,
Leave that all behind now.
过去留下来的东西，
是一段你很可以后悔的人生；
那是你旧日执着的残渣，
现在就把它全部留在身后。
The thousand hopes you entertain
Are something standing far away
To lead you to the future;
Leave that all behind now.
你怀着的那上千个希望，
是站在远处的东西，
要把你引向未来；
现在就把它全部留在身后。
Working for the things of now
Is a cauldron where you cook
Anger and attachment;
Leave that all behind now.
为眼前的事情忙碌，
是一口大锅，你在里面
煮着愤怒和执着；
现在就把它全部留在身后。
Decide that all you see here is
The Realm of the Uncreated,
A taste of the Voidness Body;
Keep this with you now.
认定你在这里看到的一切，
都是未被创造的界域，
是空性之身的一点滋味；
现在就把这个带在身上。
§11 · 放在心里的七条法的教导
And finally did the Victorious One, Yang Gunpa, speak the following:
最后，胜者央贡巴说了下面这段话：
Keep these seven Dharma teachings in your heart, and let your Dharma practice be something that you do inside yourself:
1) This sickness didn't just happen by itself; so use the medicine and get rid of it.
2) On the level of appearances, karma and its consequences never fail; so clean away your bad karma, your bad deeds and your obstacles.
3) The reality of things is beyond the mind; so reside in a state where you hold to nothing.
把这七条法的教导放在心里，让你的法的练习成为你在自己内在做的事：
1）这个病不是自己无缘无故发生的；所以要用药，把它去掉。
2）在显现的层面上，业和它的后果从不落空；所以要清除你负面的业、你的恶业和你的障碍。
3）事物的现实超越意识；所以要停在一个什么都不抓住的状态里。
[This statement should not be taken literally, but rather interpreted in light of the teachings of the Middle Way.]
［这句话不应该按字面理解，而要按中观的教导来解释。］
4) Grasping to things as self-existent is what forces you to take birth; so cut the ties of all your hopes and dreams.
5) Your inner nature is the Body of Voidness; so recognize how sick you are.
6) Whatever happens is a holy blessing; so think of everything that happens as an attainment.
7) Think whatever you want; but don't think of anything as pain.
4）执着于事物是自身存在的，正是逼你投生的东西；所以要切断你所有希望和梦想的绳索。
5）你内在的本性是空性之身；所以要认清自己病得有多重。
6）不论发生什么，都是神圣的祝福；所以要把发生的每一件事都当成一种成就。
7）你想什么都可以；但不要把任何事情想成痛苦。
§12 · 结语
Sarva shubham!
May all be goodness and beauty!
Sarva shubham!
愿一切都是善与美！
《修心——培养善心》现代中文译本 版本 2026-11-03 · 6015c54e
出处 aci14.pages.dev/class-03/reading-bilingual
英文原著 © Asian Classics Institute · Geshe Michael Roach
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